Personality Disorders

These involve long-term patterns of thinking, behavior, and emotion that deviate from social expectations.
Examples:
• Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) – intense mood swings, fear of abandonment, unstable relationships.
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) – excessive need for admiration, lack of empathy.
• Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) – disregard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceit.
• Avoidant Personality Disorder – hypersensitivity to rejection, social inhibition.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) – perfectionism, rigidity, control needs.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Typically emerge in childhood and affect learning, communication, or behavior.
Examples:
• ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• Intellectual Disability
• Specific Learning Disorders (like dyslexia or dyscalculia)
• Communication Disorders (speech or language delays)

Trauma- and Stress-Related Disorders

Linked to exposure to traumatic or stressful events.
Examples:
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) – often from prolonged trauma or abuse
• Acute Stress Disorder – short-term trauma response
• Adjustment Disorders – emotional/behavioral response to life stressors

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Characterized by intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors.
Examples:
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder – obsession with perceived flaws in appearance
• Trichotillomania – compulsive hair-pulling
• Excoriation Disorder – compulsive skin-picking

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Centered on food, weight, and body image.
Examples:
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Binge-Eating Disorder
• Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

Sleep-Wake Disorders

Interfere with sleep patterns and overall functioning.
Examples:
• Insomnia Disorder
• Narcolepsy
• Sleep Apnea
• Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

Social Issues

Examples:
• Gambling Disorder
• Internet Gaming Disorder
• Mobile phone overuse

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Physical symptoms without clear medical cause, linked to psychological distress.
Examples:
• Somatic Symptom Disorder
• Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis)
• Conversion Disorder (neurological symptoms like paralysis or blindness without a medical basis)

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Dissociative Disorders

Involve disruptions in memory, identity, or perception.
Examples:
• Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) – formerly “multiple personality disorder”
• Dissociative Amnesia
• Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

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Neurocognitive Disorders

Involve decline in cognitive function due to medical or neurological causes.
Examples:
• Dementia (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease)
• Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
• Traumatic Brain Injury-related Disorders

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Paraphilic and Sexual Disorders

Involve atypical sexual interests that cause distress or harm.
Examples:
• Exhibitionistic Disorder
• Voyeuristic Disorder
• Fetishistic Disorder

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Other or Lesser-Known Conditions

Examples:
• Factitious Disorder (faking illness for attention)
• Intermittent Explosive Disorder (sudden anger outbursts)
• Kleptomania (compulsive stealing)
• Pyromania (urge to set fires)